Microsurgical holding and/or cutting instrument

ABSTRACT

A surgical instrument includes a first lever element and a second lever element interconnected by a lever element hinge. Each lever element includes a grip portion and a jaw portion. A first spring portion and a second spring portion are proximally connected to the grip portions. A proximal free end of the first spring portion is coupled to a proximal free end of the second spring portion by a hinged joint. The hinged joint includes a hinge pin and at least one bearing eye. The at least one bearing eye forms a continuous longitudinal slit for radial insertion of the hinge pin. The slit extends diagonally relative to the axis of the at least one bearing eye so that at least one spring portion has to be twisted during radial insertion of the hinge pin into the at least one bearing eye.

RELATED APPLICATION(S)

This application is a divisional under 35 U.S.C. § 120 of U.S.application Ser. No. 15/121,265, filed Aug. 24, 2016, which is theUnited States national phase of International Application No.PCT/EP2015/053731, filed Feb. 23, 2015, which is related to and claimsthe benefit of priority of German Application No. DE 10 2014 102 606.3,filed Feb. 27, 2014. The contents of U.S. application Ser. No.15/121,265, International Application No. PCT/EP2015/053731 and GermanApplication No. DE 10 2014 102 606.3 are incorporated by referenceherein in their entireties.

FIELD

The invention relates to a micro surgical branch instrument, preferablya handheld instrument, for grasping, holding and/or cutting, forexample, thin objects (needles, threads, wires etc.) or body tissue.Especially, but not exclusively, the invention relates to a surgicalhandheld instrument of the tongs and/or scissors type.

BACKGROUND

Micro surgical examinations and operations require handheld instrumentswhich enable objects or body tissue in a patient to be grasped, held andcut, where necessary. For actuating the handheld instruments lever-typehandles or grip shells are provided which are hinged to each other abouta joint pivot bolt and are manually pivoting against each other foractuating instrument branches coupled thereto. If the manual actuatingforce on the handles/grip shells is dropped, the latter have to beforced apart again so as to return the instrument branches into theirhome positions. This is achieved, for example, by appropriate tensioningdevices within the instrument such as resiliently flexible leaf springs.Said leaf springs may be mounted, for example, as external elementsbetween the handles on the same or may be arranged as a proximalextension of the instrument at the proximal ends of the handlespreferably integrally with the latter. Irrespective of the respectivearrangement of the tensioning device, usually they have in common thatthe free ends of the leaf springs arranged at each of the two handlesare coupled to each other, thus forming a kind of in-line connection oftwo leaf springs.

In order to be able to move the surgical instrument inter alia into acleaning position, in surgical handheld instruments of this species, inparticular in micro-scissors, micro-tongs and micro needle-holders, thefree spring ends are juxtaposed in a state released from each other soas to be able to open the surgical handheld instrument completely viathe pivot or hinge pin. For a detachable coupling/connection of the freeleaf spring ends, manual micro-instruments established on the marketmake use of so called through-connections. In severalthrough-connections of this type a T-shaped tab provided at the free endof the one leaf spring is pushed through a rectangular opening at thefree end of the other leaf spring by twisting the two spring ends.Although the spring ends are positively coupled via the T-shaped tab, aform closure having large play is formed, however, so that the springends are not correctly guided during the operating movement of the twohandles. In so far the leaf springs as well as the handles are guidedexclusively on the pivot pin which, accordingly, should be press-fittedinto pivot bores at the shell-type handles without large play.

For example, from the state of the art microsurgical forceps are knownas described in DE 29 19 271 C2. Hence DE 29 19 271 C2 discloses amanual forceps instrument consisting of two grip plates or grip shellsconnected to a proximal (not releasable) joint via flat spiral or leafsprings, said grip plates or shells including a forceps-type,scissors-type or other gripping or holding branch at their respectivedistal ends. The springs are mounted to be exchangeable on the gripshells or grip plates, respectively. The proximal joint in this case isformed by a hinge pin pressed with eyelets formed at the flat spiralsprings.

The previously known solutions suffer from the following drawbacks,however:

-   -   Cleaning and conditioning of the surgical handheld instruments        is difficult when the connection of the two leaf springs is not        releasable, as the handles cannot be swiveled over any distance        so as to reach as little overlapping of the handles and the        instrument branches as possible in the area of the pivot bolt.    -   Through-connections according to the known principle of the        T-shaped tab and a rectangular opening are comparatively easy to        uncouple, but usually they have considerable play. Therefore,        they are completely unsuited for guiding the free ends of the        leaf springs and thus indirectly for guiding the handles.    -   A surgical glove may additionally be slightly clamped and thus        damaged when handling a through-connection. This risk is given        even in the case of surgical actuation of the instrument.    -   By strongly twisting the spring ends when inserting the T-shaped        tab into the rectangular opening, the material may be stressed        by torsion which may possibly cause plastic deformation of the        leaf springs. This may entail the fact that the two handles are        no longer swiveled exactly in parallel to each other and thus        get jammed.

SUMMARY

In view of the afore-explained problems, the invention is based on theobject of creating an easily manageable, elegant and releasableconnection for leaf spring ends on surgical handheld instruments of theafore-mentioned species. It is a preferred target to design thereleasable connection so that it is comparatively easy to couple and touncouple. It is another preferred target to design the releasableconnection so that it is capable of adopting a guiding function at leastfor the leaf springs.

In order to achieve the given object as well as, where appropriate, toreach the preferred targets, a surgical handheld instrument of theforceps or scissors type is suggested.

The invention is based on the following idea:

The lever-type handles hinged to each other of a common (micro) surgicalhandheld instrument of the tongs or scissors type (not of the forcepstype) are biased against each other by two leaf springs (proximally)arranged thereon whose respective free ends are releasably coupled toeach other in a hinge-type manner. Preferably, each of the leaf springsis mounted or shaped in extension of a pertinent one of the lever-typeinstrument handles (grip shell) in the proximal direction and morepreferably integrally with the respective pertinent instrument handle(handle lever). The two leaf springs (proximal spring portions of thetwo handles) exhibit a (preformed) curved shape (toward each other) atleast in the initial position and preferably when the spring ends arenot coupled so as to bring/hold/bias the two handles of the surgicalhandheld instrument against each other into the instrument openingdirection after coupling the free leaf spring ends.

As the hinge-type coupling of the proximal free leaf spring ends isreleasable, the instrument may be basically moved into a cleaning orsterilizing position by releasing the coupling/connection and thustaking the leaf springs/spring portions out of operation.

In accordance with the invention, the coupling of the two leaf springends basically comprises at least one hinge pin at one leaf spring endand at least one receiving eyelet on the other leaf spring end. The atleast one eyelet has an inner diameter preferably with a small oversizecompared to the at least one hinge pin for obtaining a swivel guide ofthe hinge pin in the eyelet that is substantially free from play. Inthis way, the leaf spring coupling may (indirectly) guide theresiliently flexible movements of the two leaf springs and thus also thepivoting of the two handles and in this way may counteract tilting ofthe handles.

For mounting the hinge-type leaf spring coupling this at least oneeyelet includes a continuous longitudinal slit having a slit width thatallows inserting the at least one hinge pin. The longitudinal slit ispreferably placed at an angular position unlike the most proximalangular position of the eyelet, which prevents the hinge pin from beingforced out of the at least one eyelet during surgical actuation of theinstrument when also forces in the proximal direction are acting on theat least one hinge pin.

Due to the at least one eyelet having a longitudinal slit, it iscomparatively simple to connect the proximal spring ends afterconditioning/cleaning/sterilizing and also to uncouple them again, asthe hinge pin need not be removed from and, resp., inserted into theeyelet in its longitudinal direction, but by appropriately deforming atleast one of the leaf springs (which causes one of the leaf springs tobe somewhat lengthened or shortened vis-à-vis the other one) the atleast one hinge pin slides quasi on its own out of/into the longitudinalslit. That is to say that coupling/uncoupling is no longer effectuatedby sensitive manipulation of the at least one hinge pin (almostimpossible when wearing gloves) but by simple pressing/pulling at leastone of the leaf springs.

In other words, the two opposite leaf springs are curved at least in themounted/hinge-coupled state without any additional actuation (initialstate) and preferably preformed in curved shape in the uncoupled state.The position of the axial slit is chosen depending on the curved shape(resulting at least in the initial state) of the two leaf springs sothat, by pressing at least the one leaf spring including the bearing pinpreferably at a predefined/marked location toward the opposite otherleaf spring having a slotted bearing eye, the bearing eye is rotated byoccurring bending of the pertinent one leaf spring (including thebearing eye) until the bearing pin slides through the axial slit out ofthe bearing eye. This is basically possible only when, according to theinvention, the axial slit is provided on the side (hereinafter referredto as inner side) of the one leaf spring facing the other leaf spring(including the bearing pin).

In other words, the position of the axial slit is chosen so that theleaf springs can be uncoupled by curving the leaf spring including thebearing pin by pressing, preferably at a predefined/marked location inthe direction of the opposite other leaf spring having a slotted bearingeye, (i.e. the radius of the curved shape of the leaf spring includingthe bearing pin is reduced) so that the force transmitted by the bearingpin to the bearing eye also curves the leaf spring including the slottedbearing eye (i.e. also the radius of the curved shape of the leaf springincluding the slotted bearing eye is diminished), and when exceeding athreshold the force transmitted from the bearing pin to the bearing eyecauses torsion of the leaf spring having a slotted bearing eye and thustwisting of the slotted bearing eye so that the bearing pin slidesthrough the axial slit out of the bearing eye. This is basicallypossible only when, according to the invention, the axial slit isprovided on the inner side of the leaf spring including a slottedbearing eye.

Preferably the position of the axial slit according to the invention issubstantially distally opposed to the most proximal angular position ofthe bearing eye.

By the fact that the bearing pin is rotatably supported in the bearingeye the two grip portions including the respective curved leaf springscan be moved out of the starting position toward each other so that thecurved shape of each of the leaf springs is retained and thus aresetting force is brought about which increases linearly or, resp.,substantially linearly, with the grip portions moving toward each otherand, resp., with the reduction of the angle between the two gripportions. A torsionally fixed support of the bearing pin within thebearing eye would result in the fact that, starting from their curvedshape, the leaf springs are brought into an S shape (double curved shapehaving a turning point), when the two grip portions are moved towardeach other out of the starting position. In this case, the resettingforce is increased non-linearly with the reduction of the angle betweenthe two grip portions.

Basically surgical handheld instruments can be structurallydifferentiated between forceps and scissors mechanism. In the case offorceps mechanisms the instrument levers (each consisting of a branchand a handle) extend substantially in parallel to each other, whereas inthe case of scissors mechanisms the instrument levers intersect and arehinged to each other at the intersection point. The generic surgicalhandheld instrument for grasping, clamping, pinching or cutting anobject or a patient's tissue follows the afore-mentioned scissorsmechanism and accordingly comprises:

-   -   two elongate (intersecting and hinged to each other)        instrument/lever elements each having a grip portion and a head        or branch portion,    -   a lever joint (hinge) connecting the two lever elements between        their grip portion and their branch portion in a        rotatable/hinge-like manner, wherein    -   a spring portion (leaf spring) is connected to each of the two        grip portions at the proximal ends thereof for mechanically        connecting or coupling the two grip portions so that the two        lever elements are retained in an open instrument position (in        the starting or home position).    -   The hinged construction provided for this purpose at the        proximal leaf spring ends includes at least two hinge elements,        i.e. at least one hinge pin fixedly (preferably integrally)        connected to the one spring portion at the proximal end thereof        and an eyelet or bearing eye fixedly (preferably integrally)        connected to the other spring portion at the proximal end        thereof, wherein    -   the eyelet or the bearing eye is configured in an open/slotted        design such that the two hinge elements can be brought into and        out of swivel coupling via the longitudinal slit without any        further mounting measures, i.e. without any retrofitting, and        wherein    -   the longitudinal or axial slit is preferably arranged on the        inner side of the pertinent leaf spring (according to the        afore-mentioned definition).

The further development according to the invention of the genericsurgical handheld instrument consists in configuring the hinge pin as aretaining pin that is fixedly connected at its two ends to the onespring portion at a free forked end of the one spring portion (closeddesign) and an eyelet/a roller at a free proximal end of the otherspring portion, wherein the roller includes the (longitudinal) slit(open design) for radially inserting the hinge pin into the roller sothat the roller encloses the retaining pin (partly/at least over threequarters of a circle).

Preferred embodiments of the surgical handheld instrument include, as anindividually and independently claimable feature or combination offeatures, the fact that

-   -   the slit in the roller extends diagonally with respect to the        longitudinal roller axis so that upon inserting the hinge pin        into the roller at least one spring portion has to be        (additionally) elastically twisted;    -   the slit in the roller extends substantially in parallel to the        longitudinal roller axis and opens toward the branch portions;    -   the spring portions have to be biased for coupling so that the        retaining pin is retained in the roller and have to be displaced        against the biasing force (in the longitudinal direction of the        instrument toward the branch portions) (while bending at least        one spring portion) so as to release the swivel coupling        (connection) of the spring portions;    -   the at least one hinge pin is configured to be out of the round        in cross-section having at least one flattened portion, whereas        the slit width is chosen to be so narrow that the hinge pin can        be guided through the slit only alongside (within the area) of        its at least one flattened portion,    -   the roller can be spread in a resiliently elastic manner so as        to widen the slit width for passing through the at least one        hinge pin,    -   at least one of the two leaf springs (spring portions) includes        a marked actuating point in a central portion of the leaf spring        in the area of which a manual pressure can be applied to the        leaf spring so as to bend the latter in a predefined manner such        that by the bending of the one leaf spring brought about        according to the placing of the actuating point the at least one        hinge pin is rotated relative to the eyelet until, due to the        involved shortening of the one leaf spring vis-à-vis the other        one, said hinge pin quasi automatically slides through the        longitudinal slit out of the eyelet,    -   each of the grip portions has a pitch circle type cross-section        smaller than a semi-circle, has cavities at the respective sides        facing each other in which interacting components of a        circulation barrier are at least partly accommodated and, when        the circulation barrier is locked, defines a gap or clearance        therebetween the gap width of which forms a full circle having a        substantially constant radius in interaction with the two pitch        circles.

The surgical handheld instrument according to the invention offers thefollowing advantages:

-   -   It meets the requirement of the users requesting an easily        manageable, elegant and releasable connection for spring ends on        surgical instruments.    -   In the hinged joint according to the invention at the proximal        end of the spring portions the swivel coupling/connection has        little/almost no play, as the hinge pin is inserted into the        bearing eye radially via the longitudinal slit at the bearing        eye. Therefore the risk of surgical gloves getting clamped        during handling is low.    -   The handling of the surgical handheld instrument is simple as no        separate hinge elements such as pivot pins need to be inserted,        but all hinge elements are fixedly connected to the spring        portions.    -   The solution presents itself in high optical quality.    -   The effort required to manipulate the at least one spring for        connecting the spring ends is low so that also the risk of        bending and, resp., damaging the spring elements is low.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING FIGURES

Further features and advantages of the invention will be evident fromthe following description in which the attached Figures will be referredto.

FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment of the (micro) surgical handheldinstrument according to the invention in a perspective view in theopened state including leaf spring portions which are not yet pre-bent(semi-finished parts),

FIG. 2 shows the first embodiment from a different perspective,

FIG. 3 shows the proximal hinge according to the invention of the leafspring portions/spring elements in accordance with FIG. 1 in an enlargedview as well as in the coupled/hooked state,

FIG. 4 shows the handheld instrument according to the invention inaccordance with FIG. 1 in a side view with a coupled proximal hinge andin the closed/actuated state,

FIG. 5 shows the proximal hinge of the spring elements according to theinvention in accordance with FIG. 1 in an enlarged representation aswell as in an unhooked state (leaf springs are not yet plasticallypre-bent in this case),

FIG. 6 shows another embodiment of the proximal hinge according to theinvention including a longitudinal slit inclined relative to the eyeletaxis as well as including the two complete lever elements in theunfolded state (released distal hinge) in a perspective representation,

FIG. 7 shows the embodiment according to FIG. 6 in a closed/actuatedstate,

FIG. 8 shows in a perspective view the surgical instrument according tothe invention in accordance with FIG. 1, i.e. in accordance with thefirst preferred embodiment of the present invention (however in contrastto FIGS. 1 to 9) in the finished state in which the two leaf springelements are (plastically) pre-formed in curved shape relative to eachother, with the proximal hinge being unhooked, however, and

FIG. 9 shows a side view of the surgical instrument according to theinvention in the finished state in accordance with FIG. 8 in which theproximal hinge is unhooked.

The Figures are not true to scale. Equal or equally acting elements areprovided with the same reference numerals for all embodiments unlessdescribed to the contrary.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The coupling mechanism according to the invention (also referred to asclosure mechanism) for resiliently coupling the actuatinglevers/instrument handles of a (micro) surgical handheld instrumentpreferably of the tongs or scissors design so that the jaw orificeformed by its branch portion is opened in a resiliently elastic mannershall be explained hereinafter by way of FIGS. 1 to 9.

In FIG. 1 a surgical handheld instrument 1 of the tongs/scissors designis illustrated having two lever elements 2 which are rotatably/pivotallyinterconnected via a joint/distal hinge 5. Each of the lever elements 2includes a proximal grip portion (instrument handles) 3 and a distalbranch or jaw portion 4 (jaw part). The joint/distal hinge 5 is providedbetween the grip portion 3 and the jaw portion 4 so that upon actuating(moving toward each other) the (integral) grip portions 3 of the leverelements 2 about the distal hinge 5 a tongs- or scissors-type closingmovement of the distal jaw portions 4 is resulting. Said tongs-scissorsmechanism is sufficiently known from the state of the art so that adetailed functional description will be dispensed with at this point.

In order to offer the option of retaining the lever elements 2 in an(opened and held apart) position in which no clamping force is exertedby the jaw portion 4 the two grip portions 3 are extended at the freeends thereof by a respective (leaf) spring 6 in the proximal direction.Each spring 6 preferably is a metal leaf, especially made of springsteel, which can be bent relatively easily and resiliently to asufficient degree and can be twisted—viewed in the direction of thelever element 2—. Each metal sheet 6 extends substantially co-axially tothe respective lever-type grip portion 3 and is fixedly connected orconnectable thereto. For example, each metal leaf 6 is end-to-endsoldered, welded, screwed or even integrally formed of one material withthe pertinent grip portion.

It is pointed out in this context that the two leaf spring portions 6according to FIG. 1 as well as according to the further FIGS. 2 to 7 areshown to be initially straight, hence are still in the semi-finishedstate. In FIGS. 8 and 9 the two leaf spring portions 6 are curved, onthe other hand, i.e. are plastically preformed in curved shape. Thisconstitutes the finished state of the leaf springs 6 in which the leafsprings 6 exert a biasing force counteracting the manual actuation onthe grip portions 3 which forces/maintains the instrument into/in theopen position.

The surgical handheld instrument 1 according to FIG. 1 is shown in adifferent perspective in FIG. 2.

From FIGS. 1 and 2 the difference in material thickness between the gripportion 3 and the spring portion 6 and thus an impression of the elasticflexibility of the spring portion 6 is evident vis-à-vis the (rigid)grip portion 3. Accordingly, the spring portions 6 are in the form ofleaf springs and are thus elastically bendable in one direction (on oneplane), whereas in a plane normal thereto the spring portions are rigid.Hence the spring elements 6 per se may basically adopt a guidingfunction for a pivoting movement about an axis normal to the bendingplane.

The spring portions 6 are connected to the respective grip portion 3 ata distal end, as already described in the foregoing, with the otherproximal end thereof being initially free. According to the invention,at said free proximal end 7 of the spring portions 6 a hinge joint 8 isprovided which consists of two components interacting for the connectionof the two lever elements 2 and, respectively, of the spring portions 6.The components of the hinged joint 8 will be described hereinafter byway of FIG. 3.

FIG. 3 illustrates the end side of the two spring portions 6 at each ofthe proximal free ends of which a component of the hinged joint 8according to the invention is arranged. The upper one spring portion 6according to FIG. 3 terminates in a holder including a hinge pin 9.Concretely speaking, at its proximal forked end the one spring portion 6forms two opposite bearing blocks between which a hinge pin 9 is tightlyinserted transversely to the longitudinal extension of the one springportion 6 and transversely to the bending plane of the spring portion 6.

The other (according to FIG. 3 lower) spring portion 6 accordinglyterminates in a bearing eye (eyelet) 10 which includes a longitudinalslit 11 extending in parallel to the bearing eye axis in the presentexample. Concretely speaking, the other spring portion 6 is bent at itsproximal end to form a roller 10 which is not closed, however, butdefines a gap or slit 11 radially opening in the direction of the branchportion, i.e. being generally located at an angular position unlike themost proximally located angular position of the roller 10.

Via the (longitudinal) slit 11 the hinge pin 9 is radially inserted intothe roller 10 while bending the one spring portion 6 so that the roller10 encloses the hinge pin 9 (at least three quarters of a circlethereof) and, apart from a rotating movement, any movement between thetwo spring portions 6 in the radial or axial direction of the roller 10is rendered impossible. Equally, the hinge pin 9 may be removed from theroller 10 again without any separate components having to be removedfrom the hinge joint and to be stored. Consequently, handling of thehandheld instrument is very simple.

FIG. 4 illustrates the tongs instrument according to the invention in aside view in the closed/actuated state in which the distal(scissors/tongs) hinge is mounted. Out of this closed state the tongsinstrument then is opened again by the spring force of the two coupledspring portions 6 while releasing the grip portions 3.

For a more detailed explanation, the hinged joint 8 is shown in anunhooked state in FIG. 5. As is evident, the spring portion 6 is movedwith the roller 10 toward its slit 11 and, respectively, the springportion 6 is radially pushed into the slit 11 with the hinge pin 9. Theslit 11 in this embodiment is somewhat narrower than the diameter of thehinge pin 9 so that it has to be pressed over the hinge pin 9 at theproximal end of the other spring portion 6 with a certain effort. Thisbottleneck offers the advantage that an inadvertent release of thehinged joint 8 is excluded during practical operation. There is anynumber of alternatives in this respect, however.

A preferred alternative provides adding a flattened portion 9 a to theperiphery of the hinge pin 9 (as is indicated in FIG. 5) or designingthe pin cross-section to be out of the round, e.g. according to anellipse. In this case, the slit width is selected so that the pin canonly be inserted into the roller 10 in the area of its flattened portion9 a. The angular position of the flattened portion 9 a in turn isselected so that does not comply with the slit 11 over the usual swivelangle range of the instrument. In this way the pin 9 can be preventedfrom slipping out during use of the surgical instrument.

As may be further inferred from FIG. 5, markings (push-buttons) 6 a, 6 bare provided on the flat sides of the leaf spring portions 6 facing awayfrom each other in a central longitudinal portion of each of the leafsprings 6. Said markings 6 a, 6 b may be produced by color prints orsurface modifications such as roughening, ribs etc., where appropriate,and define respective pressure points. It is referred to the fact thatthe respective marking of only one of the two leaf springs 6, preferablythat including the roller 10, is sufficient for the function describedin the following.

The invention is not restricted to the representation in FIGS. 1 to 5.Especially different forms are imaginable with respect to theconfiguration of the roller 10 including the slit 11. Such alternativeis shown in FIGS. 6 and 7.

The main components of the surgical handheld instrument according to theinvention in FIGS. 6 and 7 have been explained already in the foregoingFigures. In the embodiment of the handheld instrument according to FIG.6 the roller 10 is not opened in the direction of the branch portion 4by the axial slit 11, unlike the previous embodiments, but instead isopened in slit shape in the opposite direction. Furthermore, the slit 11is (slightly) inclined or extends diagonally vis-à-vis the springportion 6 and, resp., with respect to the longitudinal roller axis. Thismeans that the spring portion 6 including the roller 10 and/or thespring portion 6 including the hinge pin 8 have to be slightly twisted(about the longitudinal axis of the lever elements 2) so as to insertthe hinge pin 9 into the slit 11 and thus assemble the hinged joint 8.When subsequently the spring portion 6 is released to untwist again, thehinge pin 9 slips through the slit 11 into the roller 10. In thiscontext it is pointed out that the hinge pin 9 in this case does notrequire any flattened portion and the slit width may correspond to thepin diameter.

The handheld instrument according to FIG. 6 in the closed state isillustrated in FIG. 7. Accordingly, another feature of the handheldinstrument according to the invention is shown which is applicable toall embodiments, by the way:

As illustrated, the grip portions 3 have a shell design in the presentcase, each grip portion 3 in cross-section forming a pitch circle thatis smaller than a semi-circle. The shell shape serves for receiving thecomponents of a circulation barrier 3 b known per se, i.e. especially acam component at the one grip portion and an interacting link componentat the other grip portion. Circulation barriers of this type belong tothe generally known prior art and therefore need not be described indetail here.

In accordance with the invention it is provided now to adjust the pitchcircle of each grip portion 3 to the used circulation barrier of a knowndesign such that in the closed and locked state of the instrumentaccording to FIG. 9 a full circle is formed in the area of the gripportions 3 which is formed by the pitch circles of the two grip portions3 as well as a clearance 3 a between the two grip handles 3 which isfunctionally required for actuation of the currently used circulationbarrier 3 b. Such full circle shape having a substantially constantradius has turned out to be advantageous for handling the instrument, asthe closed and locked instrument can be rotated in any way safely andevenly about the longitudinal axis thereof without the instrumenttilting between the fingers. Hence it is also ensured that theinstrument jaw part 4 can be safely guided.

In FIGS. 8 and 9 the instrument according to the invention isillustrated in the finished and mounted state, wherein also the twocomponents of the circulation barrier 3 b are indicated.

Accordingly, the two spring portions 6 are plastically deformed into acurved shape so as to force the grip portions 3 apart. When in thisstate in which the proximal hinge 8 is coupled the two grip portions 3are pressed against each other, the two leaf spring elements 6experience elastic bending/stretching while swiveling against each otherwithin the proximal hinge 8. Upon release of the grip portions 3 the twoleaf spring elements 6 force the instrument back into its open position.When the manual actuation is carried out over a particular pivot point,the circulation barrier 3 b locks in place and thus retains theinstrument in its closing position.

In order to uncouple the proximal hinge 8 with a non-inclined slit 11according to the first preferred embodiment of the present invention atleast the one leaf spring element with the end-side roller 10 isindented sideward in the area of the marking 6 a. In this way saidspring element bends, thus causing the roller 10 to start rotating withrespect to the hinge pin 9. At the same time, said one leaf springelement stretches and thus exerts a pressure on the roller 10 in theproximal direction.

At a defined actuating distance the longitudinal slit 11 comes to liewithin the area of the flattened portion 9 a of the hinge pin 9 and theroller 10 is displaced in the proximal direction over the hinge pin 9.Thus the proximal hinge 8 is uncoupled.

Summing up, the invention excels as to the following aspects vis-à-visthe state of the art:

In the present invention the connection/swivel coupling of the twospring portions 6 is realized by such hinge joint 8 which can do withoutprojecting tabs for the connection of the spring ends.

In an embodiment the bearing eye/roller 10 of the hinge 8 is diagonallyslotted so that the pin 9 of the hinge 8 can be withdrawn/inserted byslightly rotating/twisting at least the one spring end. In anotherembodiment the bearing eye/roller 10 of the hinge is slotted so that thepin 9 has to be guided toward the branch portion along the leaf springfor release, with the one spring portion 6 being elastically curved. Thepin 9 is retained in the roller 10 of the hinge 8 in its rotatablefunctional position via the spring tension of both spring portions 6 andthe positive closure (hinge pin 9 within the roller 10). As anotherembodiment, the swivel coupling/connection may be a snap/clickconnection.

Summing up, the invention relates to a surgical handheld instrument 1for grasping an object comprising: two lever elements 2 each including agrip portion 3 and a jaw/branch portion 4, a lever joint 5 whichconnects the two lever elements rotatably to each other between theirgrip portion and their branch portion, wherein each of the two gripportions is adjoined by a respective spring portion 6 for connecting thetwo grip portions such that the two lever elements 2 are heldresiliently in an open position. To create an easily manageable andelegant releasable connection for spring ends on surgical instrumentsthe handheld instrument comprises a hinge pin 9 fixedly connectedthereto at a free end 7 of one spring portion and a bearing eye 10fixedly connected thereto at a free end 7 of the other spring portion,wherein the bearing eye has a longitudinal slit 11 for radial insertionof the hinge pin 9 into the bearing eye 10.

What is claimed:
 1. A surgical handheld instrument comprising: a firstlever element and a second lever element hinged to the first leverelement by a lever element hinge, each lever element including a gripportion on a first side of the lever element hinge and a jaw portion ona second side of the lever element hinge, a first leaf spring and asecond leaf spring which are proximally connected to each of the gripportions as a first spring portion and a second spring portion,respectively, the first spring portion and the second spring portionextending each of the grip portions, the first leaf spring and thesecond leaf spring each having a proximal free end, the proximal freeend of the first leaf spring being coupled to the proximal free end ofthe second leaf spring by a hinged joint, the hinged joint including ahinge pin at the proximal free end of the first leaf spring and at leastone bearing eye at the proximal free end of the second leaf spring,wherein the at least one bearing eye comprises an eye-hole having alongitudinal axis extending therethrough, wherein the at least onebearing eye also comprises a continuous longitudinal slit extendingdiagonally through the at least one bearing eye relative to thelongitudinal axis of the eye-hole, wherein, when the first lever elementand the second lever element are hinged together by the lever elementhinge, at least one spring portion must be twisted so as to align alongitudinal axis of the hinge pin with the slit to allow for radialinsertion of the hinge pin into the at least one bearing eye.
 2. Thesurgical handheld instrument according to claim 1, wherein the slitcomprises a slit width that is smaller than a maximum diameter of thehinge pin.
 3. The surgical handheld instrument according to claim 1,wherein the at least one bearing eye can be resiliently widened.
 4. Thesurgical handheld instrument according to claim 1, wherein the gripportions: each have a circular cross-section smaller than a semi-circle;on sides facing each other, include cavities in which interactingcomponents of a circulation barrier are at least partially accommodated;and when the circulation barrier is locked in place, define a gap orclearance between the grip portions, such that the cross-sections of thegrip portions occupy a shape of a circle having a radius that coincideswith a radius of each of the circular cross-sections of the gripportions.
 5. The surgical handheld instrument according to claim 1,wherein the first spring portion and the second spring portion arebiased against each other in a mounted state of the hinged joint so thatthe hinge pin is retained in the at least one bearing eye by a biasingforce and has to be displaced against the biasing force out of the slitso as to release the hinged joint.
 6. The surgical handheld instrumentaccording to claim 1, wherein in a mounted state of the hinged joint,the hinge pin is rotatably connected to the at least one bearing eye sothat a resetting force resulting from compression of the grip portionsat least substantially linearly increases upon reduction of an anglebetween the grip portions.
 7. The surgical handheld instrument accordingto claim 1, wherein the slit formed in the at least one bearing eyeopens in a direction opposite a direction of the second leaf spring. 8.The surgical handheld instrument according to claim 1, wherein the slitcomprises a width and the hinge pin comprises a diameter equal to thewidth of the slit.
 9. The surgical handheld instrument according toclaim 1, wherein the first grip portion and the second grip portion eachhave a first thickness, and the first spring portion and the secondspring portion each have a second thickness less than the firstthickness.
 10. A surgical handheld instrument comprising: a first leverelement and a second lever element hinged to the first lever element bya lever element hinge, each lever element including a grip portion on afirst side of the lever element hinge and a jaw portion on a second sideof the lever element hinge, a first leaf spring and a second leaf springwhich are proximally connected to each of the grip portions as a firstspring portion and a second spring portion, respectively, the firstspring portion and the second spring portion extending each of the gripportions, the first leaf spring and the second leaf spring each having aproximal free end, the proximal free end of the first leaf spring beingcoupled to the proximal free end of the second leaf spring by a hingedjoint, the hinged joint including a hinge pin at the proximal free endof the first leaf spring and at least one bearing eye at the proximalfree end of the second leaf spring, wherein the at least one bearing eyecomprises an eye-hole having a longitudinal axis extending therethrough,wherein the at least one bearing eye also comprises a continuouslongitudinal slit extending diagonally through the at least one bearingeye relative to the longitudinal axis of the eye-hole, wherein, when thefirst lever element and the second lever element are hinged together bythe lever element hinge, the hinge pin can only be radially insertedinto the at least one bearing eye once a longitudinal axis of the hingepin and the slit are caused to become aligned from a misalignedorientation by twisting at least one spring portion.